WHY still prefer HAM Radios ?

 

    HAM radio or Amateur radio is a wireless non commercial communication technique which operates on radio frequency spectrum. As radio waves propagate beyond national boundaries, the usage is strictly monitored and controlled by the nation’s government. The range of propagation depends upon the frequency of transmission, output power, type of the antenna and propagation conditions. Examinations are conducted to provide license to the HAM enthusiasts. Operators can transmit on frequencies as low as 136 kHz and up to 250 GHz. Click here to continue reading

5G Antenna for IOT Applications

 

    The IoT (Internet of Things) system plays an important role in our day-to-day life as it enhances our lives by connecting a smart home atmosphere and by building a concept of smart city. The Industrial sector is facing many problems in technical, operational field and security of the connection. The mostly used technology for communication with IoT systems is LTE and 3GPP because these techniques offer low-cost operation, wide area cover and easiness in the management. Click here to continue reading

Turnstile Antenna

    A Turnstile antenna also known as a crossed dipole antenna consists of a set of two identical dipole antennas placed at right angles (90º) to each other. Turnstile antenna invented in 1936 by George Brown to create a circularly-polarized pattern. These antennas are fed with an in-phase quadrature signal (i.e., the signal to each dipole is +/- 90 degrees out of phase with each other). To increase directivity and gain, several turnstiles can be stacked along a vertical axis. BAY refers to a pair of stacked dipoles. Multiple bays can be combined to form an antenna with excellent directivity and gain. The polarization depends on their mode of operation. Click here to continue reading
 

Artificial Intelligence and 5G

    5th generation mobile network. It’s a global wireless standard after the previous 2G 3G and 4G. 5G is a new network that is created to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines (machine language), objects (such as other smart gadgets), and devices. 5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher data transmitted in a second (GB per second), with low latency and more reliability. It is uniform user experience to most users. Higher performance and improved efficiency tend new user to experiences and connect to new industries. Click here to continue reading

Free Space Optics Technology (FSO)

 

The transmission of modulated visible or infrared (IR) beams across the atmosphere to produce Broadband communications is known as free-space optics (FSO), sometimes known as free-space photonics (FSP). Laser beams are most employed, however non-lasing sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or infrared-emitting diodes (IREDs) can also be used. FSO theory is substantially the same as fiber optic transmission theory. The distinction is that instead of being steered by an optical fiber, the energy beam is collimated and delivered through clear air or space from the source to the destination. Click here to continue reading

Orthogonal Frequency - Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

 

    OFDM stands for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, which separates a high data rate modulating stream into numerous slowly modulated narrowband close-spaced subcarriers, making it less susceptible to frequency selective fading. OFDM is a frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) method developed by Bell Labs’ Robert W. Chang in 1966. To convey data in parallel, OFDM uses several closely spaced orthogonal subcarrier signals with overlapping spectra. Fast Fourier transform algorithms are used in demodulation.Click here to continue reading

MORSE CODE - A Way of communication

 

    There are numerous technical definitions, but the gist is that Morse code is one of two systems that allow you to represent alphabet, numbers, and punctuation marks: either through electrical pulses of varying lengths or through visual signals (think flashlight or lights). A series of dots, dashes, and spaces represent the letters, numbers, and punctuation. The International Morse Code is currently used, which was built on the original system created by Samuel F. B. Morse and Alfred Lewis Vail, a code for electrical telegraphy. Click here to continue reading

Electrodynamic Tether

 

Electrodynamic tethers are long, thin conductive cables stationed in space that can be used to induce power by removing kinetic energy from their orbital stir, or to produce thrust when adding energy from an on- board source. In either case, the frictional or thrust force, is produced electrodynamically, through the commerce between moving charges and glamorous fields. From then, we notice that the operation of electrodynamic tethers is confined to elysian objects that have anon-zero glamorous field and ionospheric tube (e.g., Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, etc, not the moon or Mercury, etc).Click here to continue reading

Wireless Local Loop

 

Wireless Local Loop (WLL) is a generic system that uses wireless links rather than traditional copper wires to connect consumers to the local telephone company's switch. It is also known as Fixed Wireless Access .Click here to continue reading

Sigfox

 

Ludovic Le Moan and Christophe Fourtet founded Sigfox in 2010 with the goal of connecting every object in our physical world to the digital realm. The two French founders created a global Internet of Things network based on low power, long range, and little data that provides end-to-end communication.. Sigfox has been powering a sustainable and connected world since its beginnings, paving the way for the next Internet revolution.Click here to continue reading https://blog.kct.ac.in/sigfox/

Antenna Hybrid Design

 

                   An antenna is a metallic structure that captures and/or transmits radio electromagnetic waves. Antennas come in all shapes and sizes from little ones that can be found on your roof to watch TV to really big ones that capture signals from satellites millions of miles away.Click here to continue reading

Silent Sound Technology

 

Whenever we are travelling in bus or train while speaking in mobile phone we feel difficult due to disturbance. So we will talk loudly to receive our voice to another person. For this case Silent Sound Technology can be implemented. It is the new technology that converts lip movements to computer generated voice so that listener can hear it from other end. In this technology vocal cords are not used. This technology aims to notice lip movements and transform them into a computer- generated sound that can be transmitted over a phone. Hence person on other end of phone receives the information in audio.Click here to continue reading

Sensor Fusion

Basically the technology involved in bringing the inputs together from multiple radars and cameras to form a single model or output of the environment is called sensor fusion.Click here to continue reading

 

Terahertz Communication for Vehicular Networks

   With the fast development of electronic bias, colorful arising operations (e.g., big data analysis, artificial intelligence and 3-D media or Internet of Everything) are entering our society and leading to huge quantities of data business. While mobile networks are formerly necessary to our society for “ anywhere anytime communication,” a crucial demand for future beyond the fifth generation (B5G) mobile networks is the capability to handle tremendous quantum of data and, in addition, veritably high outturn per bias (from multiple Gbps up to several Tera-bps (Tbps)) and per area effectiveness (bps/ km2) B5G-Beyond 5G.Click here to continue reading

 

Applications of Cognitive Radio System

 

Cognitive Radio System is a type of wireless communication system where a transceiver detects the communication channels that are in use. The transceiver then immediately moves into vacant channels, while avoiding occupied ones. These capabilities help to optimise the use of available radio frequency spectrum so it also minimises interference to other users. The occupied channels can be avoided to increase spectrum efficiency and it improves the quality of service (QoS) for other users.

The wireless radio frequency spectrum is a limited resource, normally allocated through a licensing process. The licensed spectrum is not always used ideally. Finally, some bands are overcrowded (GSM) while others are relatively unused (military). Cognitive radio is very efficient to use and to share resources optimally and intelligently.Click here to continue reading

Li-Fi (Light Fedility)

 

   Li-Fi is a wireless communication technology. It’s up to 100 times faster than standard Wi-Fi. It utilizes light to transmit data and position between devices. It is capable of transmitting data at higher speed over visible light, ultraviolet, and infrared spectrum. It is wireless optical networking technology which uses LEDs for transmission of data. Li-Fi is considered as light-based Wi-Fi in which it wi-fi uses radio waves to transmit information instead of light. Click here to continue

Zigbee

 

It is a wireless technology.it is mainly used in controlling and sensor the networks.it is based IEEE 802.15 standard of TG4(task group 4) in 2003. The zigbee has major advantage of low rate data transfer and provide long coverage for wireless application.it is created by zigbee alliance. The zigbee word comes from honeybees zigzag path for enter into the pot likewise in a zigzag manner it will capable of deliver data to the end nodes.Click here to continue reading

Wireless Communication

 

WIFI comes under wireless network protocol based on the IEEE 802.11  standard  , commonly used for LAN( local area networking). The main purpose of wifi is for internet access  , allowing nearly digital devices to exchange of data by radio wave . Wi-Fi uses multiple part of the IEEE 802 protocol. It is designed for interwork seamlessly with its wired sibling Ethernet . The commonly uses radio bands for wifi are 2.4 gigahertz (120 mm) ultra high frequency between(300 megahertz to 3 gigahertz)  and 5 gigahertz (60 mm)super high frequency  between (3 to 30 gigahertz), these radio bands are subdivided into multiple channels. Channels are shared between network but only one transmitter can locally transmit on a  channel at any moment in time.click here to continue reading