WHY still prefer HAM Radios ?

 

    HAM radio or Amateur radio is a wireless non commercial communication technique which operates on radio frequency spectrum. As radio waves propagate beyond national boundaries, the usage is strictly monitored and controlled by the nation’s government. The range of propagation depends upon the frequency of transmission, output power, type of the antenna and propagation conditions. Examinations are conducted to provide license to the HAM enthusiasts. Operators can transmit on frequencies as low as 136 kHz and up to 250 GHz. Click here to continue reading

5G Antenna for IOT Applications

 

    The IoT (Internet of Things) system plays an important role in our day-to-day life as it enhances our lives by connecting a smart home atmosphere and by building a concept of smart city. The Industrial sector is facing many problems in technical, operational field and security of the connection. The mostly used technology for communication with IoT systems is LTE and 3GPP because these techniques offer low-cost operation, wide area cover and easiness in the management. Click here to continue reading

Turnstile Antenna

    A Turnstile antenna also known as a crossed dipole antenna consists of a set of two identical dipole antennas placed at right angles (90º) to each other. Turnstile antenna invented in 1936 by George Brown to create a circularly-polarized pattern. These antennas are fed with an in-phase quadrature signal (i.e., the signal to each dipole is +/- 90 degrees out of phase with each other). To increase directivity and gain, several turnstiles can be stacked along a vertical axis. BAY refers to a pair of stacked dipoles. Multiple bays can be combined to form an antenna with excellent directivity and gain. The polarization depends on their mode of operation. Click here to continue reading
 

Artificial Intelligence and 5G

    5th generation mobile network. It’s a global wireless standard after the previous 2G 3G and 4G. 5G is a new network that is created to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines (machine language), objects (such as other smart gadgets), and devices. 5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher data transmitted in a second (GB per second), with low latency and more reliability. It is uniform user experience to most users. Higher performance and improved efficiency tend new user to experiences and connect to new industries. Click here to continue reading

Free Space Optics Technology (FSO)

 

The transmission of modulated visible or infrared (IR) beams across the atmosphere to produce Broadband communications is known as free-space optics (FSO), sometimes known as free-space photonics (FSP). Laser beams are most employed, however non-lasing sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or infrared-emitting diodes (IREDs) can also be used. FSO theory is substantially the same as fiber optic transmission theory. The distinction is that instead of being steered by an optical fiber, the energy beam is collimated and delivered through clear air or space from the source to the destination. Click here to continue reading

Orthogonal Frequency - Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

 

    OFDM stands for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, which separates a high data rate modulating stream into numerous slowly modulated narrowband close-spaced subcarriers, making it less susceptible to frequency selective fading. OFDM is a frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) method developed by Bell Labs’ Robert W. Chang in 1966. To convey data in parallel, OFDM uses several closely spaced orthogonal subcarrier signals with overlapping spectra. Fast Fourier transform algorithms are used in demodulation.Click here to continue reading

MORSE CODE - A Way of communication

 

    There are numerous technical definitions, but the gist is that Morse code is one of two systems that allow you to represent alphabet, numbers, and punctuation marks: either through electrical pulses of varying lengths or through visual signals (think flashlight or lights). A series of dots, dashes, and spaces represent the letters, numbers, and punctuation. The International Morse Code is currently used, which was built on the original system created by Samuel F. B. Morse and Alfred Lewis Vail, a code for electrical telegraphy. Click here to continue reading